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ABOUT
THE COLOR GREEN
Purple is a general term for the range of shades of color occurring
between red and blue. It occurs (in both subtractive pigment and additive
light combinations) by mixing the primary colors red and blue in varying
proportions, with possibly a very small quantity of the third primary
color (green for light or yellow for pigment). There is a disagreement
over exactly which shades can be described as purple, some people
preferring more precise terms such as magenta or heliotrope for particular
shades. A difference in retinal sensitivity to red and blue light
between individuals can cause further disagreement. In color theory,
a 'purple' is defined as any non-spectral color between violet and
red. The spectral color violet is a purple. In art, purple is the
color on the color wheel between magenta and violet and its tints
and shades. This color, electric purple, is shown below. In human
color psychology, purple is associated with royalty, regality, and
nobility (stemming from antiquity where Tyrian Purple was only affordable
to the elites).
Etymology
and definitions
The word 'purple' comes from the Old English word purpul which originates
from the Latin purpura. This in turn is derived from the Koine Greek
(porphyra), name of the dye manufactured in Classical antiquity from
the mucus-secretion of the hypobranchial gland of a marine snail known
as the Murex brandaris or the spiny dye-murex. The first recorded
use of the word 'purple' in English was in the year AD 975
Purple
versus violet
Violet is a spectral color (approximately 380-420 nm), of a shorter
wavelength than blue, while purple is a combination of red and blue
or violet light. The purples are colors that are not spectral colors
– purples are extra-spectral colors. In fact, purple was not present
on Newton's color wheel (which went directly from violet to red),
though it is on modern ones, between red and violet. There is no such
thing as the "wavelength of purple light"; it only exists as a combination
On the CIE xy chromaticity diagram, violet is on the curved edge in the lower left, while purples are the straight line connecting the extreme colors red and violet; this line is known as the line of purples, or the purple line. One interesting psychophysical feature of the two colors that can be used to separate them is their appearance with increase of light intensity. Violet, as light intensity increases, appears to take on a far more blue hue as a result of what is known as the Bezold-Brücke shift. The same increase in blueness is not noted in purples. Violet cannot be reproduced by a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color system, and must be simulated by a mixture of red and blue (purple). The shade of violet simulated in the color box above is just over halfway between magenta and blue on the color wheel.
Properties
On a chromaticity diagram, the straight line connecting the extreme
spectral colors (red and violet) is known as the 'line of purples'
(or 'purple boundary'); it represents one limit of human color perception.
The color magenta used in the CMYK printing process is on the line
of purples, but most people associate the term "purple" with a somewhat
bluer shade. Some common confusion exists concerning the color names
"purple" and "violet". Purple is a mixture of red and blue light,
whereas violet is a spectral color.
Historical
development of purple
Tyrian purple: Classical antiquity
The actual color of Tyrian purple, the original color purple from
which the name purple is derived, is the color of a dye made from
a mollusk that in classical antiquity became a symbol of royalty because
only the very wealthy could afford it. Therefore, Tyrian purple is
also called imperial purple. Tyrian purple may have been discovered
as early as the time of the Minoan civilization. Alexander the Great
(when giving imperial audiences as the emperor of the Macedonian Empire),
the emperors of the Seleucid Empire, and the kings of Ptolemaic Egypt
wore Tyrian purple. The imperial robes of Roman emperors were Tyrian
purple trimmed in metallic gold thread. The badge of office of a Roman
Senator was a stripe of Tyrian purple on their white toga. Tyrian
purple was continued in use by the emperors of the Eastern Roman Empire
until its final collapse in 1453.
Han
purple: Ancient China
Han purple is a type of artificial pigment found in China between
500 BC and AD 220. It was used in the decoration of the Xian Terracotta
Army.
